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- <text>
- <title>
- (Before TIME) The League:Vox, et Praeterea Nihil
- </title>
- <history>TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1910s Highlights</history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE LEAGUE
- Vox, et Praeterea Nihil
- November 12, 1923
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> One Hamilton Foley has incorporated ex-President Woodrow
- Wilson's speeches in defence of the League of Nations into one
- small, neat volume. (Woodrow Wilson's Case For The League of
- Nations--Hamilton Foley--Princeton University Press ($1.75).)
- He has, moreover, added thereto Mr. Wilson's address to the
- representatives of those nations assembled in Paris to impose
- peace terms upon those nations vanquished in the World War; a
- number of criticisms of the League from the now Supreme Court
- Chief Justice William H. Taft, ex-Secretary of State Elihu Root.
- These latter, the editor of this book asserts, are "not generally
- known to students and to critics of the Covenant of the League
- of Nations."
- </p>
- <p> It may be said with justifiable optimism that Mr. Wilson's
- work in the cause of the League of Nations is well known to the
- world. Mr. Wilson was to a large extent the originator of the
- League as it is now working at Geneva, although he took care to
- say that the idea of a league had been conceived before his time:
- "I wish that I could claim the great distinction of having
- invented this great idea, but it is a great idea which has been
- growing in the minds of generous men for several generations.
- Several generations? Why, it has been the dream of the friends
- of humanity through all the ages...."
- </p>
- <p> Although the intentions of Mr. Wilson regarding the League
- were and are as sterling in quality as they were integral in
- composition, it remains in fact that Mr. Wilson is probably the
- most misunderstood man in the world. His speeches, as set forth
- in Mr. Foley's book, were delivered to the Foreign Relations
- Committee of the U.S. Senate and in 37 addresses to the people
- of the U.S. in his western tour of 1919, after he had returned
- from Paris for the second time. In these speeches Mr. Wilson,
- with innate altruism, explained the pros and cons of this
- heritage of the 18th Century philosophers, and categorically
- reasoned why and for what purpose the U.S. should enter into this
- great bond of peace, the hall-mark of Utopian endeavor. What he
- has said is well known--too well known to need elucidation or
- exemplification; but what is more important is that his stirring
- appeals have as yet been unrewarded, and apparently, his high
- aspirations for the League of Nations are, in Homer's words,
- "late, late in fulfillment."
- </p>
- <p> The reasons for publishing this book at the present time are
- obscure. In 1919 and part of 1920 these speeches were extremely
- pertinent to the general situation, but in four years the
- situation has changed. The Treaty of Versailles was overthrown
- by the U.S. Congress and separate treaties signed with the
- hostile belligerent Powers. In the light of these changes the
- Wilson speeches are shorn of much of their appeal and usefulness.
- The League itself has been explained in many books, and naturally
- from many useful points of view. The value of this book, whittled
- down to the pith, lies in its appeal to scholarship. Students
- will certainly find in it a useful, concise and handy reference
- to Mr. Wilson's utterances on the League of Nations.
- </p>
- <p> The two movements in the modern world which have aimed at
- stabilizing peace were undertaken at the Congress of Vienna
- (1814-15) and at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. One of the
- foremost men in promoting peace at Vienna was Tsar Alexander I
- (1801-25); one of the foremost at Paris was Woodrow Wilson,
- President of the U.S. Both these men were high-minded idealists
- (considering, in Tsar Alexander's case, only the phase of the
- peace deliberations, because he was in his later years as
- despotic as had been his forbears).
- </p>
- <p> The Holy Alliance was formed on the initiative of Alexander
- I. This alliance was formed principally upon moral and religious
- conviction that war was wrong. The signatories to the Alliance
- were to bind themselves "to remain united by the bonds of true
- and indissoluble fraternity; to assist each other on all
- occasions and in all places; to treat their subjects as members
- of a single Christian nation; to govern in conformity with the
- teachings of Christ." The Alliance failed because the parties
- thereto found themselves in opposition to created enemies.
- Thereafter it became an instrument for bolstering up absolutism
- and in influence and practical good it remained in reality, to
- use the words of Metternich, "a sonorous nothing."
- </p>
- <p> Woodrow Wilson was the moving spirit for the League of
- Nations in 1919, and there can be no doubt that the League was
- founded upon moral, thereby connoting religious, principles. The
- role of Mr. Wilson at Paris in 1919 was analogous to that of Tsar
- Alexander I at Vienna in 1815. Recent events in the League have
- shown a marked analogy to the fate of the idealistic Holy
- Alliance. The question of the hour is: Will the U.S. strengthen
- the League or is it to become a "sonorous nothing?"
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-