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<text>
<title>
(Before TIME) The League:Vox, et Praeterea Nihil
</title>
<history>TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1910s Highlights</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE LEAGUE
Vox, et Praeterea Nihil
November 12, 1923
</hdr>
<body>
<p> One Hamilton Foley has incorporated ex-President Woodrow
Wilson's speeches in defence of the League of Nations into one
small, neat volume. (Woodrow Wilson's Case For The League of
Nations--Hamilton Foley--Princeton University Press ($1.75).)
He has, moreover, added thereto Mr. Wilson's address to the
representatives of those nations assembled in Paris to impose
peace terms upon those nations vanquished in the World War; a
number of criticisms of the League from the now Supreme Court
Chief Justice William H. Taft, ex-Secretary of State Elihu Root.
These latter, the editor of this book asserts, are "not generally
known to students and to critics of the Covenant of the League
of Nations."
</p>
<p> It may be said with justifiable optimism that Mr. Wilson's
work in the cause of the League of Nations is well known to the
world. Mr. Wilson was to a large extent the originator of the
League as it is now working at Geneva, although he took care to
say that the idea of a league had been conceived before his time:
"I wish that I could claim the great distinction of having
invented this great idea, but it is a great idea which has been
growing in the minds of generous men for several generations.
Several generations? Why, it has been the dream of the friends
of humanity through all the ages...."
</p>
<p> Although the intentions of Mr. Wilson regarding the League
were and are as sterling in quality as they were integral in
composition, it remains in fact that Mr. Wilson is probably the
most misunderstood man in the world. His speeches, as set forth
in Mr. Foley's book, were delivered to the Foreign Relations
Committee of the U.S. Senate and in 37 addresses to the people
of the U.S. in his western tour of 1919, after he had returned
from Paris for the second time. In these speeches Mr. Wilson,
with innate altruism, explained the pros and cons of this
heritage of the 18th Century philosophers, and categorically
reasoned why and for what purpose the U.S. should enter into this
great bond of peace, the hall-mark of Utopian endeavor. What he
has said is well known--too well known to need elucidation or
exemplification; but what is more important is that his stirring
appeals have as yet been unrewarded, and apparently, his high
aspirations for the League of Nations are, in Homer's words,
"late, late in fulfillment."
</p>
<p> The reasons for publishing this book at the present time are
obscure. In 1919 and part of 1920 these speeches were extremely
pertinent to the general situation, but in four years the
situation has changed. The Treaty of Versailles was overthrown
by the U.S. Congress and separate treaties signed with the
hostile belligerent Powers. In the light of these changes the
Wilson speeches are shorn of much of their appeal and usefulness.
The League itself has been explained in many books, and naturally
from many useful points of view. The value of this book, whittled
down to the pith, lies in its appeal to scholarship. Students
will certainly find in it a useful, concise and handy reference
to Mr. Wilson's utterances on the League of Nations.
</p>
<p> The two movements in the modern world which have aimed at
stabilizing peace were undertaken at the Congress of Vienna
(1814-15) and at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. One of the
foremost men in promoting peace at Vienna was Tsar Alexander I
(1801-25); one of the foremost at Paris was Woodrow Wilson,
President of the U.S. Both these men were high-minded idealists
(considering, in Tsar Alexander's case, only the phase of the
peace deliberations, because he was in his later years as
despotic as had been his forbears).
</p>
<p> The Holy Alliance was formed on the initiative of Alexander
I. This alliance was formed principally upon moral and religious
conviction that war was wrong. The signatories to the Alliance
were to bind themselves "to remain united by the bonds of true
and indissoluble fraternity; to assist each other on all
occasions and in all places; to treat their subjects as members
of a single Christian nation; to govern in conformity with the
teachings of Christ." The Alliance failed because the parties
thereto found themselves in opposition to created enemies.
Thereafter it became an instrument for bolstering up absolutism
and in influence and practical good it remained in reality, to
use the words of Metternich, "a sonorous nothing."
</p>
<p> Woodrow Wilson was the moving spirit for the League of
Nations in 1919, and there can be no doubt that the League was
founded upon moral, thereby connoting religious, principles. The
role of Mr. Wilson at Paris in 1919 was analogous to that of Tsar
Alexander I at Vienna in 1815. Recent events in the League have
shown a marked analogy to the fate of the idealistic Holy
Alliance. The question of the hour is: Will the U.S. strengthen
the League or is it to become a "sonorous nothing?"
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>